A bowed board is flat, but bent, like a road going over a hill. Common seasoning defects, including types of warping, include: BowingĪ curvature formed in the direction of the length of timber.
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More specific terms for warping include cupping, twisting, bowing, crook, and spring. The term “warped” is a nonspecific term that refers to a distorted or misshapen board. During this process, a board may become warped. Seasoning is the process of drying lumber (either in a kiln or air drying) to an appropriate level of moisture for woodworking and other commercial uses. Machine gougeĪ groove cut by the machine below the desired line. Machine biteĪ depressed cut of the machine knives at the end of the piece. Machine burnĪ darkening of the wood due to overheating by machine knives or rolls when pieces are stopped in the machine. In the case of construction lumber (e.g., 2x4s), it can be bark or missing wood. Wane, in the form of bark, is more commonly associated with rough milled lumber. The presence of bark or the absence of wood on the corners or along the length of a piece of lumber. Torn grainĪn irregularity in the surface of a board where wood fibers below the level of the dressed surface have been torn or broken out by a planer. Such wood is not permitted for structural applications in the American Forestry Association guidelines because it lacks the same structural strength as an equal-sized piece that has the grain running parallel to the edge. In other words, rather than running parallel to the long edge of a board, for example, the grain runs at an angle to it. Wood in which the annual growth rings are at an angle with the axis of a piece as a result of sawing at an angle. They may be formed by a planer or jointer. Shallow depressions or indentations in the surface of a board caused by shavings or chips getting imbedded in the surface during the process of dressing. During this process, the following defects may occur: Chip mark Defects causes marring to the wood’s appearance, and in some cases, causes it to rapidly decay.Īlways remember, no tree is perfect or exactly like another.Ĭonversion is the process of converting raw timber to forms suitable for woodworking or construction projects. Wood defects is the number one culprit in lowering woods strength, durability and usefulness. Other common mechanical wood defects are known as (conversion) improper drying, (seasoning) or improper handling and storage.Ĭommon wood defects is what is responsible for reducing wood’s monetary and utilized value. And, there are man-made wood defects caused by incorrect milling, sawing or machining.
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Such common wood defects can be caused by the woods natural characteristic to absorb or expel moisture in the air. There are also natural wood defects that we cannot control. For example, natural and acquired wood defects can be caused from insect and fungal attack, or rapid tree growth.
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Wood defects are usually an abnormality or irregularity in the wood that arise from many different causes. Defects can occur from the time it spawns from a seedling to the final steps of the seasoning process.